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Chapter 1 Directory Service Concepts 17
Data Consolidation
For years, UNIX systems have stored administrative information in a collection of files
located in the /etc directory. This scheme requires each UNIX computer to have its own
set of files, and processes that are running on a UNIX computer read its files when they
need administrative information. If you’re experienced with UNIX, you probably know
about the files in the /etc directory—group, hosts, hosts.eq, master.passwd, and so
forth. For example, a UNIX process that needs a user’s password consults the /etc/
master.passwd file. The /etc/master.passwd file contains a record for each user account.
A UNIX process that needs group information consults the /etc/group file.
Open Directory consolidates administrative information, simplifying the interactions
between processes and the administrative data they create and use.
UNIX processes
/etc/master.passwd
/etc/hosts
/etc/group
Mac OS X processes
Open
Directory
LL2352.Book Page 17 Friday, August 22, 2003 3:12 PM
- Mac OS X Server 1
- Open Directory 1
- Administration 1
- Contents 3
- Contents 7 7
- Glossary 179 8
- Index 185 8
- About This Guide 9
- Using This Guide 10
- Directory Service Concepts 13
- A Historical Perspective 16
- Data Consolidation 17
- Data Distribution 18
- Uses of Directory Data 19
- Inside a Directory Domain 21
- Access to Directory Services 25
- Discovery of Network Services 25
- 26 Chapter 1 26
- Open Directory searches them 27
- Search Policy Levels 27
- Local Directory Search Policy 28
- Two-Level Search Policies 28
- Multilevel Search Policies 29
- Automatic Search Policies 30
- Custom Search Policies 32
- User Authentication With 33
- Open Directory Authentication 35
- Kerberos Authentication 37
- • Realm: MYREALM.EXAMPLE.COM 38
- Single Signon 39
- Shadow and Crypt Passwords 39
- Cracking Readable Passwords 41
- LDAP Bind Authentication 42
- Open Directory Planning 43
- • Restricted physical access 46
- • Limited network access 46
- Open Directory Security 49
- Server Admin 50
- Directory Access 51
- Workgroup Manager 51
- Command-Line Tools 51
- NetInfo Manager 52
- Setting Up Open Directory 53
- Services 53
- Before You Begin 54
- Kerberos 61
- Signon and Kerberos 62
- Setting LDAP Options 63
- Managing User Authentication 71
- Composing a Password 72
- Changing a User’s Password 72
- • Shadow password 76
- • Crypt password 76
- • Open Directory 76
- Authentication 80
- Managing Directory Access 83
- Policies 87
- Accessing LDAP Directories 90
- Computer 105
- Accessing an NIS Domain 107
- Using BSD Configuration Files 108
- About NetInfo Binding 110
- Configuring NetInfo Binding 111
- Maintenance and Problem 115
- Changing a User’s Short Name 117
- LDAPSERVER=-YES 120
- LDAPSSL=-YES 120
- A Delay Occurs During Startup 121
- Mac OS X Directory Data 125
- Mount Object Class 128
- Printer Object Class 128
- Computer Object Class 128
- ComputerList Object Class 129
- Configuration Object Class 129
- Preset Group Object Class 130
- Preset User Object Class 130
- Location Object Class 131
- Active Directory 145
- Attribute Mappings for Users 146
- Mappings for Groups 149
- Mappings for Mounts 150
- Mappings for Computers 151
- Mappings for ComputerLists 153
- Mappings for Config 153
- Mappings for People 154
- Attribute Mappings for People 155
- Mappings for PresetGroups 156
- Mappings for PresetUsers 157
- Mappings for Printers 159
- Mappings for AutoServerSetup 160
- Mappings for Locations 160
- Authentication Methods 173
- APOP Password Validation 174
- CRAM-MD5 Password Validation 174
- DHX Password Validation 174
- MS-CHAPv2 Password Validation 175
- SMB-NT Password Validation 175
- Authentication Manager 177
- Glossary 179
- 180 Glossary 180
- Glossary 181 181
- 182 Glossary 182
- Glossary 183 183
- 186 Index 186
- Index 187 187
- 188 Index 188
- Index 189 189
- 190 Index 190
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